​​🔗=========>> WWII Germany > The Mediterranean Theater of Operations, MTO Submodule <<=======​==​🔗
subpages:  Background     Overview     North Africa     Italy - Summary & Sources     Sicily to Naples     
                     Naples to Rome     After Rome     Italy - Order of Battle     Air War     Sea War     Comm. Zone 
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 ​bigpigeon.us webpage WWII Germany > The MTO > Italy - Summary & Sources, © 2025 by Robert A. Christiansen, updated by RAC 15 Jun 2025

Ground combat in Italy began with the Allied invasion of Sicily in July 1943 and continued until May 1945.
Links to all of Big Pigeon's The MTO > Italy webpages:  (Some subpages are incomplete.)
The Allied Italian Campaign in Sicily, July - August 1943
Sicily Narrative:
A joint British-US force invaded southern Sicily in early July 1943. The six-week Sicilian campaign ended with the German-Italian withdrawal across the Straits of Messina in mid-August.

​Sicily Timeline - 1943:
  • May - All Italian and German forces surrender in Tunisia.
  • 9 July - British and American forces based in North Africa invade the Italian island of Sicily.​
  • 17 August - The Allied campaign to capture Sicily  ends with the capture of Messina.
Regions of Italy
Regions of Italy
The Allied Campaigns in mainland Italy, Timeline, September 1943–May 1945
1943:
  • ​3 September - First Allied landing on the Italian mainland - British at Calabria across from Messina.
  • 9 September - Additional Allied landings on the Italian mainland: British at Taranto and Brits & Americans at Salerno.
  • 1 October - US Fifth Army occupy Naples on the west coast and British Eighth Army occupy Foggia area near the east coast.
1943 - 1944:
  • October 1943–January 1944 - Allies advance through the Winter Line area and reach the Gustav Line.
1944:
  • January–May - Bloody Gustav Line battles in the Cassino area.
  • January–May - Allied beachhead invasion at Anzio followed by four months of stalemate.
  • May - Allied breakout of Gustav Line followed by breakout of Anzio Beachhead.
  • June -  Germans abandon Rome and retreat northward.
  • June–August  - Allies advance northward in Italy to Gothic Line.
1944–1945:
  • August 1944–April 1945 - Moderate gains by Allies past Gothic Line with significant casualties.
1945:
  • April–May 1945 - Allies break out of Gothic Line and advance across the Po Valley and begin to penetrate the Italian Alps.
Physical Map of Italy
Physical Map of Italy
The Allied Campaign in Italy
The Italian Campaign in Sicily and the Mainland

         ██  Sources for Big Pigeon's WWII Germany > The MTO > Italy - Summary and Sources webpage  ██
   ██  Sources for Big Pigeon's WWII Germany > The MTO > Italy webpages  ██

+++ Wikipedia's Italian campaign webpages +++ 
+++ Official US Army Italian campaign histories for Italy +++

US Army Center for Military History campaign brochures for WWII campaigns in Italy:​​​ ​Links to maps from the above brochures. Generally not high resolution. Maps that belong elsewhere:   ​
​Major US Army Center for Military History histories of WWII in Italy, including links to scalable maps:
Salerno to Cassino, https://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/USA-MTO-Salerno/index.html Cassino to the Alps, https://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/USA-MTO-Cassino/index.html#index
​+++ Allied campaigns in Italy order of battle webpages +++
Wikipedia order of battle webpages: British military history order of battle webpages:
+++ Maps from West Point Military Academy Dept. of History atlases for the Allied campaigns in Italy +++ 
Other individual Italian campaign maps:​
Other collections of Italian campaign maps:
+++ US WWII not specific to Italy +++
+++ Italy Information not specific to WWII +++
+++ Other books on the Italian campaigns +++ 
Appendix: Extended Family Members Who Served in the Italian Campaign:
  • Roland and Rodney Paulson, my uncle Louis Petersen's nephews, were identical twins from Ames, Iowa who served together on a B-17 flying from the Foggia area. Their squadron used Azon, the Air Force's first guided bomb. Roland, as the lead bombardier, once disabled the Avisio viaduct on the main German supply line to Italy for several days.
  • Ralph Shower of Terre Haute, Indiana, my wife's uncle, was a member of a port battalion stationed in Naples. Companies from his battalion would load ships in Naples, and then accompany the ships to the Anzio beachhead, where the ships would unload, while sometimes under fire.
  • Ralph Edward Spencer, Jr. of Boomer Township, my step-uncle, served with the 3rd Infantry Division in North Africa, Sicily, the Italian mainland, and then in southern France.