MTO Order of Battle

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bigpigeon.us webpage WWII Germany > The MTO > MTO Order of Battle, © 2025 by Robert A. Christiansen, updated by RAC 25 Sep 2025

The following webpages generally list only divisional-sized units.

 ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: Allied Order of Battle Information for the Mediterranean Theater ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

the North Africa campaigns, 8 Nov 1942–? May 1943, The MTO > North Africa, OrBat.
the Sicily campaign, 10 Jul-? Aug 1943 The MTO > Sicily to Naples > Sicily, OrBat.
Salerno to the capture of Naples, 9 Sep–1 Oct 1943, The MTO > Naples to Rome > Salerno-Naples, OrBat
to the Gustav Line, 2 Oct 1943–21 Jan 1944, The MTO > Naples to Rome > To the Gustav Line, OrBat
Anzio Beachhead, 22 Jan–24 May 1944, The MTO > Naples to Rome > Anzio, OrBat
first battle of Cassino, 17 Jan–mid Feb 1944, The MTO > Naples to Rome > Cassino 1, OrBat
second and third battles of Cassino, mid Feb–Mar 1944, The MTO > Naples to Rome > Cassino 2 & 3, OrBat
fourth battle of Cassino, aka Operation Diadem, May–Jun 1944, The MTO > Naples to Rome > Cassino 4 to Rome, OrBat
Rome to the Arno River, Jun–9 Sep 1944, The MTO > Northern Italy > Rome to the Arno, OrBat
Northern Apennines Campaign, aka Operation Olive, 10 Sep 1944–4 Apr 1945, The MTO > Northern Italy > Operation Olive, OrBat
Po Valley Campaign, aka Operation Grapeshot, 5 Apr–8 May 1945 (hostilities in Italy ended on 2 May 1945), The MTO > Northern Italy > Operation Grapeshot, OrBat

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::: Allied Forces in North Africa and Sicily, November 1942–August 1943 ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

Allied Armies in the MTO that did not participate in mainland Italy combat:

British First Army (Anderson) - inactive Jul 1943 after the Tunisia Campaign.
US Seventh Army (Patton) - created from US I Armored Corps based in Morocco; Sicily Campaign; then Southern France Campaign beginning August 1944; then part of ETO

Allied Corps in the MTO that did not participate in mainland Italy combat:

British IX Corps (Crocker to 29 Apr 1943, then Horrocks - disbanded in Tunisia 31 May 1943.
British XXX Corps (Leese) - to the United Kingdom after Sicily to prepare for ETO operations.

Allied Divisions in the MTO that did not participate in mainland Italy combat:

1st Infantry Division (Allen until 7 August 1943, then Huebner) - assaulted Sicily from Tunisia 10 July 1943; Sicily campaign; to the United Kingdom November 1943 to prepare for ETO operations

9th Infantry Division (Eddy) - arrived Sicily from Tunisia 1 August 1943; Sicily campaign; to the United Kingdom November 1943 to prepare for ETO operations

2nd Armored Division (Gaffey) - assaulted Sicily from Morocco 10 July 1943; to the United Kingdom November 1943 to prepare for ETO operations
British 50th Infantry Division (Northumbrian; Kirkman) - assaulted Sicily from Tunisia 10 July 1943; to the United Kingdom to prepare for ETO operations
British 51st Infantry Division (Highland; Wimberley) - assaulted Sicily from Algeria via Malta 10 July 1943; to the United Kingdom to prepare for ETO operations

 ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: Allied Forces on Mainland Italy, September 1943–May 45 ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

15th Army Group (Harold Alexander until December 1944, then Mark Clark):

US Fifth Army (Mark Clark until December 1944, then Lucian Truscott)
British Eighth Army (Bernard Montgomery until December 1943, then Oliver Leese until October 1944, then Richard McCreery)

Notes:

The British Eighth Army had earlier fought in Egypt and Libya, Tunisia, and Sicily
The 15th Army Group sometimes went by other names, including the Allied Armies in Italy, or AAI.

The Allied Corps on Mainland Italy:

US VI Corps (Dawley until 21 Sep 1943, then Lucas until 23 Feb 1944, then Truscott) - assaulted Salerno, Italy Sep 1943; assaulted Anzio, Italy Jan 1944; assaulted southern France as part of US Seventh Army Aug 1944
US II Corps (Keyes) - Italian mainland beginning Nov 1943
US IV Corps (Crittenberger) - VI Corps replacement entered combat Italy summer 1944
British X Corps (McCreery until 6 Nov1944, then Hawkesworth) - US Fifth Army left wing Sep 1943–March? 1944; then British Eighth Army; in Greece late 1944–Mar 1945; then in Italy in reserve with British Eighth Army
British XIII Corps (Dempsey until Dec 1943, then Kirkman until 25 Jan 1945 or Mar 1945, then Harding) - US Fifth Army right wing Aug 1944–18 Jan 1945; otherwise with British Eighth Army
British V Corps (Allfrey until 8 Aug 1944, then Keightley) - generally along the Adriatic sector and often under control of Fifteenth Army Group
Polish II Corps (Anders) - to Italy from Palestine and Egypt beginning Dec 1943
I Canadian Corps (Crerar until Mar 1944, then Burns until 10 Nov 1944, then Foulkes) - operational Italy Nov 1943; to the ETO Feb–Apr 1945
French Expeditionary Corps (Juin) - operational Italy 3 Jan 1944; entered combat Jan 1944 on right wing of US Fifth Army; constituents to southern France Aug 1944 as First French Army
New Zealand Corps (Freyberg) - temporary corps created 3 Feb 1944, assigned to US Fifth Army, disbanded 26 Mar 1944

Allied Corps Attached to the US Fifth Army:

British X Corps, on Fifth Army left flank, Sep 1943–Mar 1944
French Corps, 3 Jan 1944–Jul 1944, on Fifth Army right flank
New Zealand Corps, inserted in Cassino sector, Feb-Mar 1944
British XIII Corps, on Fifth Army right flank, Aug 1944–18 Jan 1945

The Italian Campaigns - The Allied Divisions

United States Divisions:

3rd Infantry Division - (Truscott until February 1944, then O'Daniel) - assaulted Sicily from Tunisia 10 July 1943; Sicily, Naples-Foggia, Anzio, Rome-Arno campaigns; to Southern France August 1944 to join the ETO
10th Mountain Infantry Division (Hays) - arrived Italy from the US December 1944; Northern Apennines, Po Valley campaigns
34th Infantry Division (Ryder until 21 July 1944, then Bolte) - arrived Salerno from Tunisia 21–25 September 1943; Naples-Foggia, Anzio, Rome-Arno, Northern Apennines, Po Valley campaigns
36th Infantry Division (Walker) - assaulted Salerno from Morocco 9 September 1943; Naples-Foggia, Anzio, Rome-Arno campaigns; to Southern France August 1944 to join the ETO
45th Infantry Division (Middleton until 22 November 1943, then Eagles) - assaulted Sicily from the US via North Africa 10 July 1943; assaulted Salerno 10 September 1944; Sicily, Naples-Foggia, Anzio, Rome-Arno campaigns; to Southern France August 1944 to join the ETO
82nd Airborne Infantry Division (Ridgway) - assaulted Sicily from Morocco 10 July 1943; arrived Salerno 13 September 1943; Sicily, Naples-Foggia campaigns; to the United Kingdom December 1943 to prepare for ETO operations leaving 504th Airborne Infantry Regiment behind
85th Infantry Division (Coulter) - arrived Naples, Italy from North Africa 27 March 1944; Rome-Arno, Northern Apennines, Po Valley campaigns
88th Infantry Division (Sloan) - arrived Naples, Italy from Algeria 6 February–21 April 1944; Rome-Arno, Northern Apennines, Po Valley campaigns
91st Infantry Division (Livesay) - arrived Italy from North Africa 19 June 1944; Rome-Arno, Northern Apennines, Po Valley campaigns
92nd Infantry Division (Almond) - arrived Italy from the US 16 October 1944; Northern Apennines, Po Valley campaigns
1st Armored Division (Harmon until 17 July 1944, then Pritchard) - arrived Naples, Italy from Morocco 28 October 1943; Naples-Foggia, Anzio, Rome-Arno, Northern Apennines, Po Valley campaigns

British Divisions:

1st Infantry Division (Penney until 14 June 1944, then Loewen) - arrived Italy from Pantelleria Island 7 December 1943, to Palestine February 1945
4th Infantry Division (Ward) - arrived Italy from Egypt February 1944; to Greece December 1944
5th Infantry Division (Berney-Ficklin until 3 August 1943, then Bucknall until 22 January 1944, then Gregson-Ellis until 24 November 1944, then Hull) - assaulted Sicily from Egypt 10 July 1943; assaulted Italy at Straits of Messina 3 September 1943, to XXX Corps in ETO March 1945
46th Infantry Division (Freeman-Attwood until 25 August 1943, then Hawkesworth until 16 November 1944, then Weir) - assaulted Salerno, Italy from Tunisia 9 September 1943; to Egypt & Palestine for refitting Mar 1944; to Italy & V Corps Jul 1944; to Greece beginning December 1944; to Italy April 1945
56th Infantry Division (London; Graham until October 1943, then Templer) - assaulted Salerno, Italy from Libya 9 September 1943;
78th Infantry Division (Evelegh until 13 December 1943, then Keighley until 21 August 1944, then Butterworth until 10 October 1944, then Arbuthnott) - arrived Sicily from North Africa July 1943
1st Airbourne Division (Hopkinson until 9 September 1943, then Down) - assaulted Sicily 10 July 1943; arrived Taranto 9 September 1943; returned to England December 1943 leaving 2nd Parachute Brigade behind
1st Armoured Division (Hull) - arrived Italy beginning May 1944; disbanded beginning October 1944
6th Armoured Division (Evelegh until 24 July 1944, then Templer) - arrived Italy 18 March 1944
7th Armoured Division (Erksine) - arrived Italy from Syria September 1943; to the United Kingdom December 1943 to prepare for ETO operations

French Divisions:

2nd Moroccan Infantry Division (Dody) - arrived Italy from Morocco via Tunisia late November 1943; entered combat December 1943; to southern France August 1944 to join the ETO
3rd Algerian Infantry Division (de Monsabert) - arrived Italy from Algeria December 1943; to southern France August 1944 to join the ETO
4th Moroccan Mountain Division (Sevez) - arrived Italy February 1944 from Morocco via Algeria and Corsica February 1944; to southern France September 1944 to join the ETO
1st Free French Division (Brosset) - arrived Italy April 1944; to southern France August 1944 to join the ETO

Indian Divisions:

4th Indian Division (Tuker to 4 Feb 1944, then Dimoline to 8 Mar 1944, then Galloway to Mar 1944, then Holworthy) - arrived Italy from North Africa 7 December 1943; to Greece December 1944
8th Indian Division (Russell) - arrived Italy from Syria via Egypt 24 September 1943
10th Indian Division (Whitehorn) - arrived Taranto, Italy 27-28 March 1944

Canadian Divisions:

1st Canadian Infantry Division (Simonds until 1 Nov 1943, then Vokes until 1 Dec 1943, then Foster) - assaulted Sicily from the United Kingdom 10 Jul 1943; assaulted Italy at Straits of Messina 3 Aug 1943; to the ETO Feb–Apr 1945.
5th Canadian Armoured Division (Simonds until January 1944, then Burns until March 1944, then Hoffmeister) - arrived Italy from the United Kingdom November 1943; to the ETO Feb–Apr 1945.

Polish Divisions:

3rd Carpathian Rifle Division (Kopanski until July 1943, then Duch) - arrived Italy from Palestine early 1944
5th Kresowa Infantry Division (Sulik) - arrived Italy from Palestine early 1944

Division-sized contributions from other nations:

2nd New Zealand Division (Freyberg) - arrived Taranto, Italy from Tunisia/Egypt? October 1943
6th South African Armoured Division (Poole) - arrived Taranto, Italy from Egypt 16 April 1944
Brazilian Expeditionary Force (de Morais) - arrived Italy beginning July 1944

The Italian Campaigns - Partial List of Independent Brigade or Regiment-Sized Units

United States:

1st, 3rd, and 4th Ranger Battalions - destroyed at Battle of Cisterna in Anzio
Task Force 45 - infantry unit manned with former members of anti-aircraft battalions
504th Airborne Regiment - Devils in Baggy Pants
442nd Combat Infantry Regiment and 100th Infantry Battalion - Japanese-Americans

United States and Canada:

1st Special Services Force - The Devil's Brigade

Italy:

Italian Liberation Force
Combat Group Cremona
Combat Group Folgore
Combat Group Friuli
Combat Group Legnano
28th Brigade "Giribaldi"

Great Britain:

British 231st Infantry Brigade Group - Salerno
British 7th Armoured Brigade
British 9th Armoured Brigade
British 21st Tank Brigade
British 2nd Commando Brigade
British 2nd Parachute Brigade

France:

Commandement des Goums Marocains (Command of Moroccan Goumiers - Three Groups of Tabors each comprising three tabors of 500 to 800 men) (Général de brigade (Brigadier-General) Augustin Guillaume)

Canada:

1st Canadian Armoured Brigade

Poland:

2nd Polish Armoured Brigade

Greece:

3rd Greek Mountain Brigade

Palestine:

Jewish Brigade

The Italian Campaigns - The Allied Armies and Corps

The Allied Army Group

15th Army Group (Alexander until 16 December 1944, then Clark) - sometimes went by different names

The Allied Armies

US Seventh Army (Patton) - created from US I Armored Corps based in Morocco; Sicily Campaign; then Southern France Campaign beginning August 1944; then part of ETO
US Fifth Army (Clark until 16 December 1944, then Truscott) - Italian mainland campaigns
British Eighth Army (Montgomery until January 1944, then Leese until 1 October 1944, then McCreery) - Sicily and Italian mainland campaigns; veteran army from earlier campaigns in Libya, Egypt and Tunisia

The Allied Corps

US II Corps (Bradley until September 1943, then Keyes) - Sicily Campaign beginning July 1943; then Italian mainland beginning November 1943
US Provisional Corps (Keyes) - created 15 July 1943; Sicily Campaign only
US VI Corps (Dawley until 21 September 1943, then Lucas until 23 February 1944, then Truscott) - assaulted Salerno, Italy September 1943; assaulted Anzio, Italy January 1944; assaulted southern France August 1944
US IV Corps (Crittenberger) - entered combat Italy summer 1944
British X Corps (McCreery until 6 November 1944, then Hawkesworth) - US Fifth Army left wing September 1943–March? 1944; then British Eighth Army; in Greece late 1944–March 1945; then in Italy in reserve with British Eighth Army
British XIII Corps (Dempsey until December 1943, then Kirkman until 25 January 1945 or March 1945, then Harding) - US Fifth Army right wing August 1944–18 January 1945; otherwise with British Eighth Army
British V Corps (Allfrey until 8 August 1944, then Keightley) - often along the Adriatic sector and under control of Fifteenth Army Group
British XXX Corps (Leese) - Sicily Campaign beginning July 1943; then to England
Polish II Corps (Anders) - to Italy from Palestine and Egypt beginning December 1943
Canadian I Corps (Crerar until March 1944, then Burns until 10 November 1944, then Foulkes) - operational Italy November 1943; to the ETO February–April 1945
French Expeditionary Corps (Juin) - operational Italy 3 January 1944; entered combat January 1944 on right wing of US Fifth Army; constituents to southern France August 1944 as First French Army
New Zealand Corps (Freyberg) - created 3 February 1944, assigned to US Fifth Army, disbanded 26 March 1944