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     –––––––––––––––––––––– MTO – OrBat, Op. Olive ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

bigpigeon.us webpage WWII Germany > The MTO > Northern Italy > OrBat, Op. Olive, © 2026 by Robert A. Christiansen, updated 30 Dec 2025

This webpage covers the period from late August 1944 through March 1945.
                                                    ██   Allied Order of Battle - Operation Olive   ██
                                                         
Key Dates:
  • 17 Aug 1944 - British XXX Corps transferred from left wing of British Eighth Army to right wing of US Fifth Army.
  • 25 Aug 1944 - beginning of Operation Olive in Eighth Army sector.
  • 18 Jan 1945 - British XXX Corps returned from US Fifth Army to British Eighth Army.

Additions to the US Fifth Army during this period included:​​
  • 6th South African Armoured Division - beginning 22 Aug 1944.
  • African-American 92nd Infantry Division (Almond) - elements went into line beginning 23 Aug 1944, officially arrived 16 Oct 1944.
  • 1st Brazilian Infantry Division - elements went into line Sep 1944.
  • 10th Mountain Division (Hayes) - elements went into line 8 Jan 1945.
During this period, Allied combat units continued to be removed from Italy:​
  • The Japanese-American 442nd Regimental Combat Team (RCT) fought in Italy Jun–Sep 1944 before transferring to northeastern France. It returned to Italy in March 1945.
  • In the early fall, as the German army withdrew from Greece, British units were sent from Italy to Greece to curtail civil war and ward off Russian influence.
  • Eighth Army's Canadian Corps was sent to northwestern Europe to join the Canadian First Army in Feb 1945.

      ............................................ 15th Army Group (Alexander until Dec 1944, then Clark)  ...........................................       
​
◼ US Fifth Army (Clark until 16 December 1944, then Truscott)
⏶   US Fifth Army reserve:
  • 92nd Infantry Division (Almond) - to Fifth Army 4 Nov 1944; to IV Corps 25 Dec 1944; to Fifth Army 3 Apr 1945.
  • 34th Infantry Division (Bolte) - to II Corps 9 Sep 1944.
  • 85th Infantry Division (Coulter) - from II Corps 18 Mar 1945; to IV Corps 17 Apr 1945.
  • 10th Mountain Division (Hays) - from IV Corps 28 Apr 1945.
⏶   US IV Corps (Crittenberger), on Fifth Army left wing:
  • 1st Armored Division (Pritchard) - to II Corps 7 Oct 1944; from II Corps 19 Feb 1945; to II Corps 1 Apr 1945; from II Corps 5 Apr 1945.
  • 6th South African Armored Division (Poole) - from British XIII Corps 22 Aug 1944; to II Corps 15 Jan 1945.
  • 92nd Infantry Division (Almond), from Fifth Army reserve 25 Dec 1944, to Fifth Army reserve 3 Apr 1945.
  • 1st Brazilian Infantry Division (de Morais), from November 1944
  • 10th Mountain Division (Hays), finished arriving in Italy 18 January 1945, to US IV Corps 15 January 1945, to US Fifth Army reserve 28 April 1945
  • 85th Infantry Division (Coulter), from II Corps 20 Aug 1944, to II Corps 26 August 1944, from US II Corps 23 November 1944, to US II Corps 8 January 1945, from US Fifth Army reserve 17 April 1945, to US II Corps 30 April 1945
  • 34th Infantry Division (Bolte), from II Corps 23 April 1945.
​⏶   US ​II Corps (Keyes)
  • 1st Armored Division (Pritchard), from IV Corps 7 Oct 1944, to IV Corps 19 Feb 1945, from IV Corps 1 Apr 1945, to IV Corps 5 April 1945.
  • 34th Infantry Division (Bolte), from Fifth Army reserve 9 Sep 1944.
  • 88th Infantry Division (Kendall).
  • 91st Infantry Division (Livesay).
  • 85th Infantry Division (Coulter), to IV Corps 20 Aug 1944, from IV Corps 26 Aug 1944, to IV Corps 23 Nov 1944, from IV Corps 8 Jan 1945, to Fifth Army reserve 18 Mar 1945, from IV Corps 30 Apr 1945.
  • 6th South African Armoured Division (Poole), from IV Corps 15 Jan 1945.​

⏶   British XIII Corps (Kirkman until 25 January 1945, then Harding)
     to right wing of US Fifth Army 17 Aug 1944; returned to left wing of British Eighth Army 18 Jan 1945.
  • British 4th Infantry Division (Ward), to British V Corps 11 August 1944
  • 6th South African Armoured Division (Poole), to US IV Corps 22 August 1944
  • British 6th Armoured Division (Murray), until March 1945
  • British 1st Infantry Division (Loewen), to Army Group control January 1945, then to Middle East
  • 8th Indian Infantry Division (Russell), replaced 6th South African Armored Division, until March 1945
  • British 78th Infantry Division (Butterworth until 10 October 1944, then Arbuthnott), to Egypt 18 July 1944, from Egypt 15 September 1944, relieved by 10th Indian Division February 1945, to British V Corps February 1945??
  • 10th Indian Infantry Division (Reid), from February 1945
  • British 5th Infantry Division (Hall), to Egypt 3 July 1944, from Palestine area January 1945 replacing British 1st Infantry Division, to ETO March 1945

​◼ British Eighth Army (Leese until 1 October 1944, then McCreery)
⏶ British XIII Corps - as of 18 Jan 1945; see above.
⏶ British X Corps (McCreery until 6 November 1944, then Hawkesworth) - in Greece Dec 1944–Feb 1945.
  • 10th Indian Infantry Division (Reid) - to British V Corps Oct 1944.
⏶ British V Corps (Keightley)
  • British 1st Infantry Division (Loewen), from US VI Corps 1 July 1944, to Palestine January 1945
  • British 4th Infantry Division (Ward),  to I Canadian Corps 7 September 1944, returned to British V Corps 1 October 1944, to Greece 12 December 1944
  • 4th Indian Infantry Division (Holworthy), to Greece November 1944
  • British 46th Infantry Division (Hawkesworth until 16 November 1944, then Weir), to British X Corps 12 December 1944, to Greece 14 January1945
  • British 56th Infantry Division (Whitfield), from refitting in Egypt July 1944
  • 2nd New Zealand Division (Freyberg), November 1944–14 April 1945
  • British 4th Infantry Division (Ward), to Canadian 1 Corps 7 September 1944, from Canadian I Corps 1 October 1944, to Greece 12 December 1944 
  • British 1st Armored Division (Hull), until 25 September 1944
  • 10th Indian Infantry Division (Reid), from British X Corps October 1944, to British XIII Corps February 1945 
  • British 78th Infantry Division (Arbuthnott), from British XIII Corps January 1945
  • 8th Indian Infantry Division (Russell), from March 1945
  • British 6th Armoured Division (Murray), 18–23 April 1945
⏶ Canadian I Corps (Burns until 10 Nov, then Foulkes), departed for ETO February 1945
  • 1st Canadian Infantry Division (Vokes until 1 December 1944, then Foster), to ETO February 1945
  • ​5th Canadian Armored Division (Hoffmeister), to ETO February 1945
  • British 4th Infantry Division (Ward), from British V Corps 7  September 1944, to British V Corps 1 October 1944
  • 2nd New Zealand Division (Freyberg), from British XIII Corps abt September 1944, to , to British V Corps November 1944
⏶ Polish II Corps (Anders)
  • Polish 5th Kresowa Infantry Division (Sulik)
  • Polish 3rd Carpathian Infantry Division (Duch)

​Sources for Big Pigeon's WWII Germany > The MTO > Northern Italy > Op. Olive, OrBat webpage: