bigpigeon.us webpage WW II - Germany > ETO > ETO Communications Zone, updated by RAC 7 Oct '19.
In military parlance, The Communications Zone or CommZ is the rear part of theater of operations (behind but contiguous to the combat zone) which contains the lines of communications, establishments for supply and evacuation, and other agencies required for the immediate support and maintenance of the field forces.
In military parlance, The Communications Zone or CommZ is the rear part of theater of operations (behind but contiguous to the combat zone) which contains the lines of communications, establishments for supply and evacuation, and other agencies required for the immediate support and maintenance of the field forces.
The Ports Problem:
For months after D-Day, the Communications Zone in the European Theater of Operations lacked sufficient port facilities.
At first, Allied troops were supplied directly from the beach, especially by LST (Landing Ship Tank) ships that could run up on the beach, drop their ramps, and unload onto land. This capability was weather-dependent, and fortunately for the next several months the weather was generally cooperative, except for the storm mentioned in the following paragraph.
Immediately after D-Day, two artificial ports, called Mulberries, were put in place off of the invasion beaches, one off of Omaha Beach and one in the British sector at Arromanches. Both Mulberries were fully functional by June 18, but the Omaha Beach Mulberry was destroyed in a storm on June 19. The Arromanches Mulberry, called Port Winston, was used for ten months and landed four million tons of supplies. Remains are still scattered in Arrmanches harbor.
The first major French port, Cherbourg in Normandy, was captured on June 29 but port destruction was so great that it was mid-August until it was available for limited use.
The second major port, Brest in Brittany, had been heavily used by the American Expeditionary Force in 1917-19 during World War I. Such was not the case in World War II. When Brest finally surrended on September 19, the port facilities had been thoroughly destroyed by the Germans that Brest was not of use during the remainder of the four.
Rouen, in the Seine estuary near Le Harve, surrendered to Canadian forces on August 30, and Le Harve, near the entrance of the Seine River, surrendered to the British on September 12.
The third major port, Antwerp in Belgium, was siezed in good condition by the Canadian Army on September 4. However, the approach to Antwerp was up a long estuary, which was not cleared of German troops until November.
Several hundred miles away to the south, the port of Marseilles was siezed by French troops around August 26. Despite the distance, the rail network in Southern France soon led to a third of the supplies needed by the Allied armies being landed in Marseilles and then shipped northward.
In addition to a shortage of port facilities, the Communications Zone experienced other logistics issues:
For months after D-Day, the Communications Zone in the European Theater of Operations lacked sufficient port facilities.
At first, Allied troops were supplied directly from the beach, especially by LST (Landing Ship Tank) ships that could run up on the beach, drop their ramps, and unload onto land. This capability was weather-dependent, and fortunately for the next several months the weather was generally cooperative, except for the storm mentioned in the following paragraph.
Immediately after D-Day, two artificial ports, called Mulberries, were put in place off of the invasion beaches, one off of Omaha Beach and one in the British sector at Arromanches. Both Mulberries were fully functional by June 18, but the Omaha Beach Mulberry was destroyed in a storm on June 19. The Arromanches Mulberry, called Port Winston, was used for ten months and landed four million tons of supplies. Remains are still scattered in Arrmanches harbor.
The first major French port, Cherbourg in Normandy, was captured on June 29 but port destruction was so great that it was mid-August until it was available for limited use.
The second major port, Brest in Brittany, had been heavily used by the American Expeditionary Force in 1917-19 during World War I. Such was not the case in World War II. When Brest finally surrended on September 19, the port facilities had been thoroughly destroyed by the Germans that Brest was not of use during the remainder of the four.
Rouen, in the Seine estuary near Le Harve, surrendered to Canadian forces on August 30, and Le Harve, near the entrance of the Seine River, surrendered to the British on September 12.
The third major port, Antwerp in Belgium, was siezed in good condition by the Canadian Army on September 4. However, the approach to Antwerp was up a long estuary, which was not cleared of German troops until November.
Several hundred miles away to the south, the port of Marseilles was siezed by French troops around August 26. Despite the distance, the rail network in Southern France soon led to a third of the supplies needed by the Allied armies being landed in Marseilles and then shipped northward.
In addition to a shortage of port facilities, the Communications Zone experienced other logistics issues:
- Insufficient depots, especially in port areas.
- Inadequate rail and road infrastructure to move supplies to the front. Our Air Force had worked over much of the French transportation network earlier in 1944.
- Pilfering.
Sources for the WW II - ETO Communications Zone webpage
Pottawattamie County, Iowa WW II Dead - ETO Communications Zone
(taken from the bigpigeon.us WW II Dead webarea)
(taken from the bigpigeon.us WW II Dead webarea)
03-10 - ETO Communications Zone (updated 6 Oct ’19)
Deaths Coming into Theater: (two dead, updated 6 Oct '19)
† Koebel, Leonard Lavern - SN O-726911, USAAF
401 Bomb. Sqdn., 91st Bomb. Gp.; B-17 #41-24451 bombardier; KIA 3 Oct ’42, Ballymena, County Antrim, Northern Ireland; crash en route from US, eight died, two survived.
† Storm, Donald W. - SN O-722387, USAAF
B-24J #42-51295 navigator (pilot Darwin D. Gant); DNB 21 Jul ’44 between Bluie West 1 airfield, Greenland and Meeks Field, Iceland; plane en route to Europe, thought to have ditched; BNR.
Deaths in Communications Zone: (one dead, updated 6 Oct '19)
† Mickey, Paul Leo “Leo” - SN 37-118-215, US Army
714 Engineer Depot Co.; DNB 2 Dec ’44, 166th General Hosp., France; accident.
Deaths with Location or Unit Unknown: (four dead, updated 6 Oct '19)
† Baraks/Barracks, Frederick August - SN 36-448-659, US Army, death info?
449th Military Police Co., 317th Military Police Bn.; KIA 4 Apr ’45, ETO.
† McCormick, Jack Albert - SN 20-743-489, US Army
330th Inf. Regt., 83rd Inf. Div.; POW; DNB 3 Mar ’45, maybe Stalag 7-A, Moosburg, Bavaria, Germany; pneumonia.
† McDowell, Elmer Ross - SN 6-557-377, US Army
3597 Quartermaster Truck Co.; KIA 2 Jan ’45, France (RAC: possibly part of an accident in Chiligny, Lorraine, France, as 3rd Army moved supplies from Lorraine north into the Ardennes).
† Mead, John Lincoln - SN 31-374-517, US Army, unit?, death location?
Field Artillery; KIA 26 Mar ’45 Germany.
Deaths after Cessation of Hostilities: (three dead, updated 6 Oct ’19)
† Busey, Robert W. - SN 37-467-059, US Army
821st Tank Destroyer Bn., 29th Inf. Div.; DNB 27 Jun ’45 near Bremen, Germany.
† Putnam, Robert Edward - SN O-1318929, US Army
Co. G, 359th Inf. Regt., 90th Inf. Div.; DNB 20 Nov ’45 at Sulzbach, Bavaria, Germany; firearm accident.
† Waters, James Martin - SN 37-445-422, US Army
66th & 396th Armored FA Bns.; DNB 5 Oct ’45 at Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany; head injury from jeep accident.
Deaths Coming into Theater: (two dead, updated 6 Oct '19)
† Koebel, Leonard Lavern - SN O-726911, USAAF
401 Bomb. Sqdn., 91st Bomb. Gp.; B-17 #41-24451 bombardier; KIA 3 Oct ’42, Ballymena, County Antrim, Northern Ireland; crash en route from US, eight died, two survived.
† Storm, Donald W. - SN O-722387, USAAF
B-24J #42-51295 navigator (pilot Darwin D. Gant); DNB 21 Jul ’44 between Bluie West 1 airfield, Greenland and Meeks Field, Iceland; plane en route to Europe, thought to have ditched; BNR.
Deaths in Communications Zone: (one dead, updated 6 Oct '19)
† Mickey, Paul Leo “Leo” - SN 37-118-215, US Army
714 Engineer Depot Co.; DNB 2 Dec ’44, 166th General Hosp., France; accident.
Deaths with Location or Unit Unknown: (four dead, updated 6 Oct '19)
† Baraks/Barracks, Frederick August - SN 36-448-659, US Army, death info?
449th Military Police Co., 317th Military Police Bn.; KIA 4 Apr ’45, ETO.
† McCormick, Jack Albert - SN 20-743-489, US Army
330th Inf. Regt., 83rd Inf. Div.; POW; DNB 3 Mar ’45, maybe Stalag 7-A, Moosburg, Bavaria, Germany; pneumonia.
† McDowell, Elmer Ross - SN 6-557-377, US Army
3597 Quartermaster Truck Co.; KIA 2 Jan ’45, France (RAC: possibly part of an accident in Chiligny, Lorraine, France, as 3rd Army moved supplies from Lorraine north into the Ardennes).
† Mead, John Lincoln - SN 31-374-517, US Army, unit?, death location?
Field Artillery; KIA 26 Mar ’45 Germany.
Deaths after Cessation of Hostilities: (three dead, updated 6 Oct ’19)
† Busey, Robert W. - SN 37-467-059, US Army
821st Tank Destroyer Bn., 29th Inf. Div.; DNB 27 Jun ’45 near Bremen, Germany.
† Putnam, Robert Edward - SN O-1318929, US Army
Co. G, 359th Inf. Regt., 90th Inf. Div.; DNB 20 Nov ’45 at Sulzbach, Bavaria, Germany; firearm accident.
† Waters, James Martin - SN 37-445-422, US Army
66th & 396th Armored FA Bns.; DNB 5 Oct ’45 at Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany; head injury from jeep accident.