bigpigeon.us webpage WW II - Japan > Japan Vanquished, updated by RAC 5 Feb 1920. This webpage is currently incomplete.
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This webpage covers the War with Japan in the Japanese Home Islands.
The four major home islands, from south to north, are Kyushu, Shikoku, Honshu, and Hokkaido. The seven largest cities, in order of size, are Tokyo, Yokohama, Osaka, Nagoya, Sapporo, Fukuoka, Kobe. Hiroshima is the 11th largest city. Not shown on the map is Nagasaki, a city whose name is known to many, on the west coast of Kyushu. |
The Japanese Home Islands
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Air and Sea Attacks on the Japanese Home Islands
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April 1942 - The Doolittle Raid
The Doolittle Raid was an attack from the USS Hornet of sixteen B-25 medium bombers led by Jimmy Doolittle against targets in Tokyo and other major Japanese cities. Most bombers then flew on to China, where the crews bailed out. The Doolittle Raid did little damage. However, it was a morale booster and propaganda victory for the United States. On the plus side, it may have encouraged Japan to keep more of its military resources in the Home Islands, rather than in the field. On the negative side, it led to the Japanese murders of thousands of Chinese civilians in areas that had aided Doolittle crew members after they landed. The Japanese Home Islands were not attacked from the air again until June 1944. |
B-25s on USS Hornet, Apr '42
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The Underseas War
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June 1944 - January 1945 - B-29 Raids from the CBI Theater
The development of the B-29 very heavy bomber was a major WW II project in the United States. The B-29 was designed for use in the vast distances found in the War with Japan. The B-29 first saw combat in the China-Burma-India (CBI) theater in June 1944, flying from bases in India against targets in the CBI Theater as well as targets in the Japanese Home Islands. For Home Island targets, B-29s first flew over the mountain ranges known as the Hump to advanced bases in China. B-29 raids of Japan from bases in India were never on a large scale. They were not cost effective and ceased in January 1945. |
CBI Theater Air Bases Used by B-29 Bombers
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October 1944 - August 1945 - B-29 Raids from the Mariana Islands
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1945 - Carrier-Based Raids
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1945 - Bomber Raids from Okinawa
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1945 - Naval Bombardment
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The Atomic Bombs
First Bomb - Hiroshima - 6 August 1945
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Second Bomb - Nagasaki - 9 August 1945
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Russia Enters the War with Japan
The Planned Invasion of the Japanese Home Islands
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By the summer of 1945, the Japanese island empire had crumbled and the once-powerful Imperial Japanese Navy barely existed. Large portions of major Japanese cities already lay in ruins. The large island of Okinawa 400 miles south of the southern Japanese island of Kyushu was now available for use in Operation Downfall, the final Allied campaign of the war with Japan. The first invasion, Operation Olympic, was planned for November 1.
Japan still had a large army in China and thousands of planes in the home islands suitable for use as kamikazes. The increasing casualty count among Americans as the war approached Japan led many to predict the pending invasions would produce a blood bath among bogh Americans and Japanese. A million young American men born around 1927 viewed their future with apprehension as they, rather than existing veterans, would provide most of the cannon fodder. Fortunately, the use of nuclear weapons, the Russian entry into the war, and the flexible position of Emperor Hirohito brought an end to the war without an invasion of the Home Islands. |
The Planned Invasion of Japan
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The Japanese Surrender
The Occupation of Japan
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I believe that one of the wisest American decisions of World War II allowed Emperor Hirohito to retain the Japanese throne. The United States then was better able to oversee the peaceful rehabilitation of Japan.
General Douglas MacArthur remained in Japan until 1951, when his wings were finally clipped by President Harry Truman, who fired him for insubordination during the Korean War. Japan officially regained its independence in 1952, has been a steadfast but a bit aloof ally of the United States, and today has the world's third largest economy. The United States has retained a modest military presence in Japan. Japan, one of the most militaristic societies in the world in the 1930s, has never rebuilt a sizable military. However, Japan has not atoned for its crimes against humanity before and during World War II to the extent that Germany has done. |
MacArthur and Hirohito - September 1945
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Sources for the WW II - Japan Vanquished webpage
- the webpage header image Tokyo after Firebombing shows the aftermath of the March 1945 B-29 incendiary bombing raids over an area of Tokyo. It is courtesy of http://carynschulenberg.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Devastation-of-Tokyo-2.jpg.
- The photo B-25s on Hornet, April 1942 is courtesy of the Museum of the Air Force.
- The Japanese Home Islands map is courtesy of en.wikipedia.com.
- The map captioned CBI Theater Air Bases Used by B-29 Bombers is courtesy of semanticscholar.org.
- The First Bomb - Hiroshima - 6 August 1945 photo is courtesy of upi.com.
- The Second Bomb - Nagasaki - 9 August 1945 photo is courtesy of truthout.org.
- the diagram The Planned Invasion of Japan is courtesy of kilroywashere.org.
- The MacArthur and Hirohito, September 1945 photo is courtesy of en.wikpmedia.org.
Pottawattamie County, Iowa WW II Dead - Japan Vanquished
(taken from the bigpigeon.us WW II Dead webarea)
(taken from the bigpigeon.us WW II Dead webarea)
11 - JapanVanquished (eleven dead, updated 26 Apr '20)
Deaths in or near the Japanese home islands or due to US attacks on Japan from the Pacific, including deaths during the early occupation period. (The CBI-China webpage has B-29 deaths from 1944 raids from China on Japan.)
† Campbell, Sheldon Edward, SN 37-752-491, US Army, Shelby Co.
24th Medical Bn., 24th Inf. Div.; DNB 23 Dec 1945 in hotel fire on Skikoku Is., Japan.
† Davenport, William Thomas Jr. - SN 17-122-771, USAAF
crew #P-46, 62nd Bomb. Sqdn., 39th Bomb. Gp., 20th AF, Guam; B-29 #44-69889 “The Slic Chic” right gunner; KIA 29 May 1945, 120 miles NE of Tori-Shima, S of Tokyo; plane hit by flak over Yokohama and ditched, four lost, eight saved; BNR.
† Garner, William Frederick - SN O-240615, Naval Aviation
Fighter Sqdn. VBF-83 on USS Essex (CV-9); F4U Corsair pilot; KIA 18 Mar 1945, off Tomitake Airfield, Kyushu, Japan; shot down; BNR.
† Hansen, Elvin Emsley, SN O-739093, USAAF, Harrison Co. & Los Angeles Co., CA
869th Bomb. Sqdn., 497th Bomb. Gp based on Saipan; B-29 Superfortress #42-24595 Pacific Union bombardier; KIA 14 Jan 1945 NW of Saipan on a mission to Nagoya, Japan, plane exploded and ditched, eight died, four survived; BNR.
† Kraschel, James Norman, SN 17-152-672, USAAF, Shelby Co.
868th Bomb. Sqdn., 43rd Bomb. Gp., 13th AF, based at Yontan, Okinawa; flying radar-equiped B-24 Liberator bombers; tail number unknown; DNB 24 Sep 1945, Okinawa, aircraft accident.
† +Messerschmidt, William George Jr. - SN 316-95-00, US Navy
submarine USS Pompano (SS-181); KIA ~ Sep 1943 Pacific Ocean; failed to return to Midway Is. from patrol off Japan; BNR.
† Pedersen, Roy Marion Jr. - SN O-2071822, USAAF
866 Bomb. Sqdn, 494 Bomb. Gp., 7th AF; B-24J #44-40680 navigator; KIA 28 Jul ’45 over Kure Harbor, Kyushu, Japan; plane shot down by flak bombing battleship Haruna; seven POW crew died 6 Aug ‘45 from the Hiroshima atomic bomb; two crew survived; BNR.
† Rhoten, Roy Edward, SN 958-10-13, US Navy, Harrison Co.
cruiser USS Indianapolis (CA-35); d. 30 Jul 1945 in the Philippine Sea en route from Guam to Leyte; sunk by Japanese submarine I-58, 879 died; BNR.
Note: On 26 July the Indianapolis had delivered parts of Little Boy, the Hiroshima atomic bomb, to Tinian. Thus I chose to include this entry in the Japan Vanquished section.
† Sander, Merle Edward, O-418945, US Navy, Harrison Co.
Torpedo Sqdn. VT-34 on USS Monterey (CVL-26); Grumman/General Motors TBM Avenger pilot; DNB 9 May 1945 near the Ryukyu Is., Japan, glide bombing exercise preparing for raids on Japan; BNR.
† Welty, Robert L. - SN O-407132, Naval Aviation
VF-12 Sqdn., CVG-12 Gp.; carrier USS Randolph (CV-15); F6F-5 #77880 pilot; KIA 14 May 1945 over Kyushu, Japan; BNR.
† Widows, Harry James Jr., SN O-771857, USAAF, Mills Co.
873rd Bomb. Sqdn., 498th Bomb. Gp.; B-29 Superfortress #42-65295 co-pilot; KIA 29 Apr 1945 Kagoshima Prefecture, southern Kyushu, Japan; on a mission to bomb Kyushu airfields, plane was hit and exploded.
Deaths in or near the Japanese home islands or due to US attacks on Japan from the Pacific, including deaths during the early occupation period. (The CBI-China webpage has B-29 deaths from 1944 raids from China on Japan.)
† Campbell, Sheldon Edward, SN 37-752-491, US Army, Shelby Co.
24th Medical Bn., 24th Inf. Div.; DNB 23 Dec 1945 in hotel fire on Skikoku Is., Japan.
† Davenport, William Thomas Jr. - SN 17-122-771, USAAF
crew #P-46, 62nd Bomb. Sqdn., 39th Bomb. Gp., 20th AF, Guam; B-29 #44-69889 “The Slic Chic” right gunner; KIA 29 May 1945, 120 miles NE of Tori-Shima, S of Tokyo; plane hit by flak over Yokohama and ditched, four lost, eight saved; BNR.
† Garner, William Frederick - SN O-240615, Naval Aviation
Fighter Sqdn. VBF-83 on USS Essex (CV-9); F4U Corsair pilot; KIA 18 Mar 1945, off Tomitake Airfield, Kyushu, Japan; shot down; BNR.
† Hansen, Elvin Emsley, SN O-739093, USAAF, Harrison Co. & Los Angeles Co., CA
869th Bomb. Sqdn., 497th Bomb. Gp based on Saipan; B-29 Superfortress #42-24595 Pacific Union bombardier; KIA 14 Jan 1945 NW of Saipan on a mission to Nagoya, Japan, plane exploded and ditched, eight died, four survived; BNR.
† Kraschel, James Norman, SN 17-152-672, USAAF, Shelby Co.
868th Bomb. Sqdn., 43rd Bomb. Gp., 13th AF, based at Yontan, Okinawa; flying radar-equiped B-24 Liberator bombers; tail number unknown; DNB 24 Sep 1945, Okinawa, aircraft accident.
† +Messerschmidt, William George Jr. - SN 316-95-00, US Navy
submarine USS Pompano (SS-181); KIA ~ Sep 1943 Pacific Ocean; failed to return to Midway Is. from patrol off Japan; BNR.
† Pedersen, Roy Marion Jr. - SN O-2071822, USAAF
866 Bomb. Sqdn, 494 Bomb. Gp., 7th AF; B-24J #44-40680 navigator; KIA 28 Jul ’45 over Kure Harbor, Kyushu, Japan; plane shot down by flak bombing battleship Haruna; seven POW crew died 6 Aug ‘45 from the Hiroshima atomic bomb; two crew survived; BNR.
† Rhoten, Roy Edward, SN 958-10-13, US Navy, Harrison Co.
cruiser USS Indianapolis (CA-35); d. 30 Jul 1945 in the Philippine Sea en route from Guam to Leyte; sunk by Japanese submarine I-58, 879 died; BNR.
Note: On 26 July the Indianapolis had delivered parts of Little Boy, the Hiroshima atomic bomb, to Tinian. Thus I chose to include this entry in the Japan Vanquished section.
† Sander, Merle Edward, O-418945, US Navy, Harrison Co.
Torpedo Sqdn. VT-34 on USS Monterey (CVL-26); Grumman/General Motors TBM Avenger pilot; DNB 9 May 1945 near the Ryukyu Is., Japan, glide bombing exercise preparing for raids on Japan; BNR.
† Welty, Robert L. - SN O-407132, Naval Aviation
VF-12 Sqdn., CVG-12 Gp.; carrier USS Randolph (CV-15); F6F-5 #77880 pilot; KIA 14 May 1945 over Kyushu, Japan; BNR.
† Widows, Harry James Jr., SN O-771857, USAAF, Mills Co.
873rd Bomb. Sqdn., 498th Bomb. Gp.; B-29 Superfortress #42-65295 co-pilot; KIA 29 Apr 1945 Kagoshima Prefecture, southern Kyushu, Japan; on a mission to bomb Kyushu airfields, plane was hit and exploded.