Patton in Casablanca
Patton in Casablanca
bigpigeon.us webpage  WWII-Germany  > The MTO > North Africa > Operation Torch, © 2023 by Robert A. Christiansen, updated by RAC 27 Aug 2022.  
Operation Torch was the codename for the British and American landings in northwest Africa on 8 December 1942 and the subsequent combat against Vichy French forces.
French North Africa
  • In early November 1942, the French North African colonies of Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia were controlled by the Axis-oriented Vichy French government.
  • Over 100,000 French military personnel were stationed in these three colonies.
  • Clandestine efforts to persuade French political and military leaders in North Africa to switch loyalty from Vichy France to the Allies failed.
Morocco, Algeria & Tunisia
Morocco, Algeria & Tunisia
Operation Torch,  8 November 1942
Operation Torch consisted of amphibious landings by British and American forces near three ports in French North Africa:
  • in three locations, near Casablanca in Morocco.
  • near Oran in northwest Algeria.
  • near Algiers in north central Algeria.
Vichy French forces resisted until 11 November, resulting in the deaths of around 500 Americans.
Operation Torch Landings
Operation Torch Landings - 8 Nov 1942
The Allied forces that landed near Algiers included the US 168th Infantry Regiment, formerly of the Iowa National Guard, and the British 1st and 6th Commando Battalions, to which many Iowans were attached.
The Allied Landings at Algiers - 8 Nov 1942
The Allied Landings at Algiers - 8 November 1942
The Race to Tunis begins
Allied forces moved eastward from Algeria towards Tunisia by sea, by road, and by rail as quickly as possible. However, adequate motor transportation was  not available and German aircraft attacked Allied troop movements on the French railroad network.

Meanwhile, Germany rushed forces by air and sea into Tunis, the capital of Tunisia, and other locations on northern Tunisia.
French North Africa Railroads 1935
French North Africa Railroads 1935
Germany won the race to Tunis. 

While US and British forces were approaching Tunisia from the west, Erwin Rommel's German and Italian army were beginning their long retreat from the El Alamein area in northern Egypt to Tripoli in northwestern Libya and then into Tunisia.

​Thus the Allied North African campaigns continued in Tunisia for six additional months.
NE Algeria & N Tunisia
Northeastern Algeria & Northern Tunisia
 Sources for Big Pigeon's The MTO > North Africa > Operation Torch webpage:
Pottawattamie Area WWII Dead Roster - The MTO > North Africa > Operation Torch: 02-01 - The MTO > North Africa > Operation Torch: (five dead, updated 31 Dec 2022)
† Alff, John Fredrick, SN 37-118-084, US Army, Pott & Cass Cos.
  • 436 Coast Artillery Bn.; on troop transport USS Tasker H. Bliss (AP-42); KIA 12 Nov 1942 Fedala Roads, off Casablanca, Morocco; Bliss sunk by German submarine U-130, 31 dead, 204 survivors; The MTO > North Africa > Operation Torch; BNR.
† Bird, Frank Raymond, SN 20-706-126, US Army, Mills Co.
  • Co. I, 168th Inf. Regt., 34th Inf. Div., II Corps, detached to British Commando; WIA 8 Nov 1942; DOW 12 Nov 1942 near Algiers, Algeria; The MTO > North Africa > Operation Torch.
† Denison, Paul Marsh, SN 20-706-336, US Army, Cass Co.
  • Co. K, 168th Inf. Regt., 34th Inf. Div., II Corps; KIA 8 Nov 1942 Algiers, Algeria; The MTO > North Africa > Operation Torch.
† Johnston, Stanford Samuel, SN 20-706-341, US Army, Cass Co.
  • Co. K, 168th Inf. Regt., 34th Inf. Div., II Corps; KIA 8 Nov 1942 near Algiers, Algeria; The MTO > North Africa > Operation Torch.
† Klefman, Gordon Louis, SN O-325561, US Army, Pott. Co. & Douglas Co., NE
  • Co. C, 1st Ranger Bn., II Corps (one of 500 original US Army Rangers); KIA 10 Nov 1942 near Oran, Algeria; The MTO > ​North Africa > Operation Torch.